THE DENTS DU MIDI BY GUSTAVE COURBET

GUSTAVE COURBET (1819-1877)

 Les Dents du Midi (3,114 m to 3,257 m -10,216 ft to10,685 ft) 

Switzerland 

1. In Le Château de Chillon signed (lower left) oil on canvas (54 x 64.8 cm.)
Painted circa 1874-1875. Private collection (sold by Christie's)
2.  In Le Château de Chillon signed (lower left) oil on canvas
Painted circa 1874-1875. Private collection.

About  the paintings 

Gustave Courbet painted many times the Castle of Chillon by which he was fascinated. He has painted it from different angles which, as in these two examples, show the Dents du Midi in the distance ... or not. In all these representations, a common element: a sailboat on the lake passing near the castle. During his exile in Switzerland, Courbet repeated the variations on the same themes, panicked by the threat of having to pay the exorbitant costs of rebuilding the Column Vendôme in PAris. This bulimia of production prompted many counterfeiters to take advantage of the situation and, already during the artist's lifetime, the art market was invaded by works attributed to Courbet, whose originality is difficult to appreciate.

In this unfavorable context, Courbet nevertheless has the strength to produce landscapes largely painted  like Le Leman au coucher de soleil (Jenisch Museum in Vevey and the Museum of Fine Arts in St. Gallen), a good dozen of Château de  Chillon (including  the two above and the one in the Gustave-Courbet Museum in Ornans). His health deteriorated at the end of 1876.
 In 1877, he sat down in anticipation of the World Expo the following year, to a Grand Panorama of the Alps (The Cleveland Museum of Art) remained partially incomplete.
Courbet still refused to return to France. His will was respected, and his body was buried in La Tour-de-Peilz in Switzerland on January 3, 1878, after his death on December 31, 1877, during New Year's Eve, his heart having let go.

The painter 

Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet was a French painter who led the Realist movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists. His independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work.

Courbet's paintings of the late 1840s and early 1850s brought him his first recognition. They challenged convention by depicting unidealized peasants and workers, often on a grand scale traditionally reserved for paintings of religious or historical subjects. Courbet's subsequent paintings were mostly of a less overtly political character: landscapes, seascapes, hunting scenes, nudes and still lifes. He was imprisoned for six months in 1871 for his involvement with the Paris Commune, and lived in exile in Switzerland from 1873 until his death.

Courbet  painted a few mountains in his life : the Juras mountains around Ornans ( France) and a few  mountains in Switzerland during his exil. Like many painters of the 19th Century, Courbet didn't name the mountain he painted; he liked to give a description of the general atmosphere rather than  a precise geographical location.  

 "I am fifty years old and I have always lived in freedom; let me end my life free; when I am dead let this be said of me: 'He belonged to no school, to no church, to no institution, to no academy, least of all to any régime except the régime of liberty."

The mountain 

See  The Dents du midi already posted in this blog...

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2019 - Wandering Vertexes...

by Francis Rousseau 

LES FALAISES D'AULT PEINTES PAR GUSTAVE COURBET

 

GUSTAVE COURBET (1819-1877)
Les Falaises d'Ault (70 à 100m)
France

In " Falaises avec barques ", 1869, huile sur toile,  40 x 60 cm, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford

Les falaises
La ville d'Ault se situe sur la bordure Nord-Ouest du Bassin parisien ; elle marque la terminaison septentrionale de la centaine de kilomètres de falaises qui borde le littoral normand et picard, entre la baie de Seine et la baie de Somme. L’orientation de ces falaises est globalement de l'ordre de N40 (direction Sud-Ouest/Nord-Est), et leur altitude moyenne est d'environ 70 m, avec des maxima qui dépassent légèrement les 100 m (à Criel-sur-Mer en Seine-Maritime). La ville d'Ault s'est édifiée au sein d'une dépression qui permet l'accès à la mer : il s'agit d'une valleuse, petite vallée généralement sèche, parfois suspendue, dont les bords sont classiquement boisés (car inutilisables pour l'agriculture), contrastant avec le plateau alentour généralement agricole. Ces dépressions résultent de l'érosion superficielle associée à d'anciens cours d'eau, rapidement asséchés en raison de la forte perméabilité du sous-sol (craie du Crétacé supérieur). Il s'agit d'une formation homogène constituée par un limon éolien lœssique, fin, doux au toucher, beige, parfois tirant sur le brun-rouge, épais de quelques mètres, qui couronne les plateaux taillés dans le pédiplan finicrétacé. Le territoire de la feuille ne présente pas de bonne coupe de cette formation qui est en général attribuée pour une part au Würm et aussi, pour une autre part, sans doute importante, à des niveaux plus anciens. […] Le lessivage et la décalcification du limon produit à l'Holocène ont provoqué la formation, en surface, de la terre à brique ou lehm de teinte brunâtre. Outre la fabrication des briques, les limons ont été utilisés comme terre à pisé pour la construction des chaumières et des granges et de nombreuses petites carrières abandonnées sont encore visibles.

Le peintre
Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet était un peintre français initiateur du mouvement réaliste dans la peinture française du 19e siècle. Engagé à peindre uniquement ce qu’il pouvait voir, il rejetait les conventions académiques et le romantisme de la génération précédente. Son indépendance a constitué un exemple important pour des artistes tels que les impressionnistes et les cubistes.
Les peintures de Courbet de la fin des années 1840 et du début des années 1850 lui valent sa première reconnaissance. Elles ont défié les conventions en représentant des paysans et des ouvriers non idéalisés, souvent dans de grands formats, traditionnellement réservée aux peintures de sujets religieux ou historiques. Les peintures ultérieures de Courbet étaient pour la plupart d'un caractère moins ouvertement politique : paysages, marines, scènes de chasse, nus et natures mortes. Il fut emprisonné pendant six mois en 1871 pour son implication dans la Commune de Paris et vécut en exil en Suisse de 1873 jusqu'à sa mort.
Courbet a peint quelques montagnes dans sa vie : les montagnes du Jura autour d'Ornans (France), les falaises de Picardie et quelques montagnes en Suisse lors de son exil. Comme beaucoup de peintres du 19e siècle, Courbet souvent ne  nomm les montagnes qu'il peints ; il aimait donner une description de l'atmosphère générale plutôt qu'une situation géographique précise.
  "J'ai cinquante ans et j'ai toujours vécu libre; laissez-moi finir ma vie libre; quand je serai mort, qu'on dise de moi ceci: 'Il n'appartenait à aucune école, à aucune église, à aucune institution, à aucune académie. , encore moins à tout régime autre que le régime de la liberté. »

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2023 - Gravir les montagnes en peinture
Wandering Vertexes ....
Un blog de Francis Rousseau

LA ROCHE DE HAUTE-PIERRE BY GUSTAVE COURBET

GUSTAVE COURBET  (1819-1877), 

Roche de Haute-Pierre  (881m- 2,890 ft)

France  (Jura)

In Roches de Mouthier, ol on canvas, 1863, Phillips Collection, Washington D. C

The hill 
La Roche de Haute-Pierre  (881m) (The rock of Haute-Pierre)  is not located in the valley mais la dominates it at the height of the village of Lods and offers one of the most beautiful points of view on the Loue and its meanders.Named formerly Rock of the Sun, because it is the one that "the star of the day, while climbing on our horizon, favors the first of its nascent rays and that it salutes of its last goodbyes and while it moves away, it is by means of it, that by means of the pale or red tint of which it colors it, it predicts to the inhabitants for the morrow, or the serenity or the tears of the sky."
The painting by Courbet reproduce perfectly  that light effect on the hill.
At the summit one can discover a  royal point of view on the Loue valley, the Jura mountains and the  Mont Blanc.
After 10 minutes of a climb on a compact dirt path, we see the cross, planted at the top of the rock. The brown and crumbly earth suddenly gives way to limestone. Just a few meters and the gentle slope stops abruptly, changes inclination and turns into a cliff. The Loue flows 300 m below. The village of Mouthier-Haute-Pierre is on your left. Lods is located further downstream. In summer, one can see the canoes on the river and the trout fishermen on its shores. In winter, we simply let ourselves be taken by the quality of the landscape. This is one of the most beautiful views on the Loue Valley.

The Painter 

Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet was a French painter who led the Realist movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists. His independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work.
Courbet's paintings of the late 1840s and early 1850s brought him his first recognition. They challenged convention by depicting unidealized peasants and workers, often on a grand scale traditionally reserved for paintings of religious or historical subjects. Courbet's subsequent paintings were mostly of a less overtly political character: landscapes, seascapes, hunting scenes, nudes and still lifes. He was imprisoned for six months in 1871 for his involvement with the Paris Commune, and lived in exile in Switzerland from 1873 until his death.
Courbet  painted a few mountains in his life : the Juras mountains around Ornans ( France) and a few  mountains in Switzerland during his exil; Like many painters of the 19th Century, Courbet didn't name the mountain he painted; he liked to give a description of the general atmosphere rather than  a precise geographical location.
 "I am fifty years old and I have always lived in freedom; let me end my life free; when I am dead let this be said of me: 'He belonged to no school, to no church, to no institution, to no academy, least of all to any régime except the régime of liberty."

LES FALAISES D'ETRETAT PAINTED BY GUSTAVE COURBET

GUSTAVE COURBET  (1819-1877)

The Falaises d'Etretat (70 to 90 m -  230 to 300 ft)  

La Porte d'aval, L'Aiguille, La Porte d'Amont, La Manneporte

France (Normandie)  

In Les falaises d'Etretat après l'orage, 1870, oil on canvas, 162cm x130 - 51.2 x 63.8 in,  

Musée d'Orsay Paris  

The cliffs 

Etretat is best known for its chalk cliffs, including three natural arches and a pointed formation called L'Aiguille (the Needle), which rises 70 m- 230 ft above the sea. The Etretat Chalk Complex, as it is known, consists of a complex stratigraphy of Turonian and Coniacian chalks. Some of the cliffs are as high as 90 metres (300 ft).

These cliffs and the associated resort beach attracted artists including Eugène Boudin, Gustave Courbet and Claude Monet.  They were featured prominently in the 1909 Arsène Lupin novel The Hollow Needle by Maurice Leblanc. They also feature in the 2014 film Lucy, directed by Luc Besson.

Two of the three famous arches are visible from the town, the Porte d'Aval (Aval Cliff)  and the Porte d'Amont (Amont Cliff).  The Manneporte  (Main Door) is the third and the biggest one, and cannot be seen from the town.

- La Porte d'Aval (Aval Cliff ) 

On the foreshore cleared by the sea at the foot of the Porte d'Aval, one notices, dug into the limestone bedrock and partially covered with green algae, ancient parks а oysters, whose culture lasted only a few years. 

- L'arche et L'aiguille  (The Ark and the Needle)

An underground river, then marine erosion formed a natural arch and a estimated 55 meter to 70 meters  high needle, relic piece of the cliff. Maurice Leblanc describes it in these terms in his novel The Hollow Needle (1909) : "An enormous roach, more than eighty meters high, colossal obelisk, plumb on its granite base"  At his time, the site already attracted many tourists among them "lupinophiles" admirers of Arsene Lupine: American students came for the key to the cave, where the "gentleman burglar" had found the treasure of kings of France.

- The Manneporte and the Trou à L'homme (The Maindoor and Hole of the man) 

From the old French manna door, "big door, main door". It is wider than the cliff of Aval and is located behind it. Above а side of the arch, we see a huge black hole in the cliff:  le Trou à l'homme (the Hole of the Man)  that takes its name from a Swedish sailor, sole survivor of the sinking of his ship due to violent storm that would have lasted nearly 24 hours. It would have been projected by a blade into this cavity, thereby assuring its survival. The so called  Hole of the Man is accessible by an iron ladder and it is always off-water at the time of the tides.

The long tunnel which opens to the "Hole of the Man " leads а Creek Petit Port at the mouth of the valleuse Jambourg actually a beach at the foot of the needle and framed by two large doors.

You can reach the top of the cliff by a staircase directly at the end of the Perrey, followed by a well laid out, sloping path that runs alongside the golf course, to the right you climb to the top. One enjoys at the same time, of the sight on the village, on the needle and on Manneporte. You can also enter the little natural refuge nicknamed "Chambre des Demoiselles" ( Young ladies room) described by Maurice Leblanc.

- La porte d'Amont  (Amont Cliff)

The Porte d'Amont is the smallest of the three doors and the most visually famous.  The french writer Guy de Maupassant compares this cliff of upstream to " an elephant that plunges its trunk into the water ". At the top of the cliff stands the stone silhouette of the chapel Notre-Dame-de-la-Garde, protector of fishermen. The present building succeeds a chapel of the nineteenth century. You can also reach the cliff but the staircase is much steeper.  The current building succeeds a 19th century chapel in neo-gothic style.   It was destroyed by the occupier during the Second World War. Then one arrive at the monument and the museum made by the architect Gaston Delaune and dedicated to Charles Nungesser and François Coli, two aviators who tried to rally New York in 1927 and which were seen for the last time in this place, after Having taken off from Le Bourget on the edge of their plane, the mythical White Bird.

The GR 21 long-distance hiking path (Le Havre to Le Tréport) passes through the town.

 Source: 

 - Etretat official website  

 The Painter 

Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet was a French painter who led the Realist movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists. His independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work.
Courbet's paintings of the late 1840s and early 1850s brought him his first recognition. They challenged convention by depicting unidealized peasants and workers, often on a grand scale traditionally reserved for paintings of religious or historical subjects. Courbet's subsequent paintings were mostly of a less overtly political character: landscapes, seascapes, hunting scenes, nudes and still lifes. He was imprisoned for six months in 1871 for his involvement with the Paris Commune, and lived in exile in Switzerland from 1873 until his death.
Courbet  painted a few mountains in his life : the Juras mountains around Ornans ( France) and a few  mountains in Switzerland during his exil; Like many painters of the 19th Century, Courbet didn't name the mountain he painted; he liked to give a description of the general atmosphere rather than  a precise geographical location.
 "I am fifty years old and I have always lived in freedom; let me end my life free; when I am dead let this be said of me: 'He belonged to no school, to no church, to no institution, to no academy, least of all to any régime except the régime of liberty."

GRAND GOLLIAT PAINTED BY GUSTAVE COURBET

GUSTAVE COURBET (1819-1877)

Grand Golliat (3,238m - 10, 623ft)

Italy - Switzerland border

In Le chalet dans la montagne, Suisse (Tour-de-Peilz, Vevey) vers 1874, oil on canvas, 
 The Pouchkine State  Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow

The mountain 

The Grand Golliat  (3,238m - 10, 623ft), also spelled Grand Golliaz is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located between the Petit Col Ferret and the Great St. Bernard Pass. Is summit straddles the border between Switzerland and Italy, separating the Swiss canton of Valais from the Italian region of Aosta Valley. The name Golliat does not come from the Bible hero Goliath but from "Goilles" which are small lakes or water springs located on the Italian side of the mountain.

Huge bulwark made by two summits justified S-N: the Piccolo (3.234m) and the Grand Golliaz or Golliat;  the most important summit of the range between Mont Blanc and Velan-Combin Groups on the border ridge between Italy and Switzerland. Magnificent panoramic tower in the NW side of Val d'Aosta with a great round view even on Swiss giants. The bad quality rock doesn't allow fine climbing routes, the icy routes (N wall) are interesting but dangerous for the continuous rock falls in the channels. The SE side, ski-mountaneering route, requires well tidy snow.
The Grand Golliat is the southernmost mountain rising above 3,000 metres in Switzerland.
Source: 

- Summit post. org 

The painter 

Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet was a French painter who led the Realist movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists. His independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work.

Courbet's paintings of the late 1840s and early 1850s brought him his first recognition. They challenged convention by depicting unidealized peasants and workers, often on a grand scale traditionally reserved for paintings of religious or historical subjects. Courbet's subsequent paintings were mostly of a less overtly political character: landscapes, seascapes, hunting scenes, nudes and still lifes. He was imprisoned for six months in 1871 for his involvement with the Paris Commune, and lived in exile in Switzerland from 1873 until his death.

Courbet  painted a few mountains in his life : the Juras mountains around Ornans ( France) and a few  mountains in Switzerland during his exil; Like many painters of the 19th Century, Courbet didn't name the mountain he painted; he liked to give a description of the general atmosphere rather than  a precise geographical location. 

 "I am fifty years old and I have always lived in freedom; let me end my life free; when I am dead let this be said of me: 'He belonged to no school, to no church, to no institution, to no academy, least of all to any régime except the régime of liberty."

THE '"DENTS DU MIDI" PAINTED BY GUSTAVE COURBET

GUSTAVE COURBET (1819-1877)

 Les Dents du Midi (3,114 m to 3,257 m -10,216 ft to10,685 ft) 

Switzerland 

1. Grand panorama des Alpes, 1877, The Cleveland Museum of Art 

2. Panorama des Alpes, 1876, Musée d'Art et d'Histoire, Genève

The painter 

Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet was a French painter who led the Realist movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists. His independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work.

Courbet's paintings of the late 1840s and early 1850s brought him his first recognition. They challenged convention by depicting unidealized peasants and workers, often on a grand scale traditionally reserved for paintings of religious or historical subjects. Courbet's subsequent paintings were mostly of a less overtly political character: landscapes, seascapes, hunting scenes, nudes and still lifes. He was imprisoned for six months in 1871 for his involvement with the Paris Commune, and lived in exile in Switzerland from 1873 until his death.

Courbet  painted a few mountains in his life : the Juras mountains around Ornans ( France) and a few  mountains in Switzerland during his exil; Like many painters of the 19th Century, Courbet didn't name the mountain he painted; he liked to give a description of the general atmosphere rather than  a precise geographical location.  The painting "Grand panorama des Alpes"  which includes the Dents du Midi mountain, is among the latest paintings he did, during the year he died. An other one shown here is  anterior one year and is is kept in, Geneva in the  MAH (Museum of Art and History).  

 "I am fifty years old and I have always lived in freedom; let me end my life free; when I am dead let this be said of me: 'He belonged to no school, to no church, to no institution, to no academy, least of all to any régime except the régime of liberty."

The mountain 

See  The Dents du midi already posted in this blog

THE MONT BLANC PAINTED BY GUSTAVE COURBET

GUSTAVE COURBET  (1819-1877)

The Mont Blanc (4,808.73 m -15,777 ft) 

 France - Italy 

 In La vue sur le Lac Léman, 1876,  Musée d'art et d'histoire de Granville 

The mountain 

The Mont-Blanc (in French)  (4 ,808.73 m -15,777 ft) or Monte Bianco (in Italian), both meaning "White Mountain", is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe after the Caucasus peaks. It is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence.  The Mont Blanc is one of the Seven Summit, which includes the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on April 30, 1985 by Richard Bass.  The 7 highest summit, (which are obviously 8 with 2 in Europe !) are :  

Mount Everest (8,848m), Aconcagua (6,961m), Mt Denali or Mc Kinley (6,194m),  Kilimandjaro (5,895m), Mt Elbrus (5,642m), Mount Vinson (4,892m) and Mount Kosciuszko  (2,228m) in Australia.

The mountain lies in a range called the Graian Alps, between the regions of Aosta Valley, Italy, and Savoie and Haute-Savoie, France. The location of the summit is on the watershed line between the valleys of Ferret and Veny in Italy and the valleys of Montjoie, and Arve in France. The Mont Blanc massif is popular for mountaineering, hiking, skiing, and snowboarding.

The three towns and their communes which surround Mont Blanc are Courmayeur in Aosta Valley, Italy, and Saint-Gervais-les-Bains and Chamonix in Haute-Savoie, France.  A cable car ascends and crosses the mountain range from Courmayeur to Chamonix, through the Col du Géant. Constructed beginning in 1957 and completed in 1965, the 11.6 km (7¼ mi) Mont Blanc Tunnel runs beneath the mountain between these two countries and is one of the major trans-Alpine transport routes.

Since the French Revolution, the issue of the ownership of the summit has been debated. 

From 1416 to 1792, the entire mountain was within the Duchy of Savoy. In 1723 the Duke of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II, acquired the Kingdom of Sardinia. The resulting state of Sardinia was to become preeminent in the Italian unification.[ In September 1792, the French revolutionary Army of the Alps under Anne-Pierre de Montesquiou-Fézensac seized Savoy without much resistance and created a department of the Mont-Blanc. In a treaty of 15 May 1796, Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia was forced to cede Savoy and Nice to France. In article 4 of this treaty it says: "The border between the Sardinian kingdom and the departments of the French Republic will be established on a line determined by the most advanced points on the Piedmont side, of the summits, peaks of mountains and other locations subsequently mentioned, as well as the intermediary peaks, knowing: starting from the point where the borders of Faucigny, the Duchy of Aoust and the Valais, to the extremity of the glaciers or Monts-Maudits: first the peaks or plateaus of the Alps, to the rising edge of the Col-Mayor". This act further states that the border should be visible from the town of Chamonix and Courmayeur. However, neither the peak of the Mont Blanc is visible from Courmayeur nor the peak of the Mont Blanc de Courmayeur is visible from Chamonix because part of the mountains lower down obscure them. A Sardinian Atlas map of 1869 showing the summit lying two thirds in Italy and one third in France.

After the Napoleonic Wars, the Congress of Vienna restored the King of Sardinia in Savoy, Nice and Piedmont, his traditional territories, overruling the 1796 Treaty of Paris. Forty-five years later, after the Second Italian War of Independence, it was replaced by a new legal act. This act was signed in Turin on 24 March 1860 by Napoleon III and Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy, and deals with the annexation of Savoy (following the French neutrality for the plebiscites held in Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna to join the Kingdom of Sardinia, against the Pope's will). A demarcation agreement, signed on 7 March 1861, defines the new border. With the formation of Italy, for the first time Mont Blanc is located on the border of France and Italy.

The 1860 act and attached maps are still legally valid for both the French and Italian governments. One of the prints from the 1823 Sarde Atlas  positions the border exactly on the summit edge of the mountain (and measures it to be 4,804 m (15,761 ft) high). The convention of 7 March 1861 recognises this through an attached map, taking into consideration the limits of the massif, and drawing the border on the icecap of Mont Blanc, making it both French and Italian.Watershed analysis of modern topographic mapping not only places the main summit on the border, but also suggests that the border should follow a line northwards from the main summit towards Mont Maudit, leaving the southeast ridge to Mont Blanc de Courmayeur wholly within Italy.

Although the Franco-Italian border was redefined in both 1947 and 1963, the commission made up of both Italians and French ignored the Mont Blanc issue. In the early 21st century, administration of the mountain is shared between the Italian town of Courmayeur and the French town of Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, although the larger part of the mountain lies within the commune of the latter.

The Painter 

Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet was a French painter who led the Realist movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists. His independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work.
Courbet's paintings of the late 1840s and early 1850s brought him his first recognition. They challenged convention by depicting unidealized peasants and workers, often on a grand scale traditionally reserved for paintings of religious or historical subjects. Courbet's subsequent paintings were mostly of a less overtly political character: landscapes, seascapes, hunting scenes, nudes and still lifes. He was imprisoned for six months in 1871 for his involvement with the Paris Commune, and lived in exile in Switzerland from 1873 until his death.
Courbet  painted a few mountains in his life : the Juras mountains around Ornans ( France) and a few  mountains in Switzerland during his exil; Like many painters of the 19th Century, Courbet didn't name the mountain he painted; he liked to give a description of the general atmosphere rather than  a precise geographical location.

 "I am fifty years old and I have always lived in freedom; let me end my life free; when I am dead let this be said of me: 'He belonged to no school, to no church, to no institution, to no academy, least of all to any régime except the régime of liberty."

FALAISE DES VACHES NOIRES PAINTED BY GUSTAVE CAILLEBOTTE

 

GUSTAVE CAILLEBOTTE (1848-1894)
Falaise des Vaches Noires (110 m- 360 ft)
France (Normandie)

 In Cliffs at Villers sur mer 1880, 65 x 81 cm, Private collection

The cliffs
The Vaches Noires cliffs (Black Cows Cliffs)  (110 m- 360 ft)  is a remarkable natural site located in the municipalities of Houlgate, Gonneville-sur-Mer, Auberville, Villers-sur-Mer, in Calvados, in Normandy (France). The toponym "Black Cows" designates blocks of chalk having rolled from the top of the cliff on the foreshore, the black color of which is due to the kelp having attached itself to it.The Vaches Noires cliffs are made up of clay cliffs capped at their summit (altitude 110 m) with a thin chalk cliff.

This area is geologically remarkable. The Oxfordian marls, under the action of the water runoff from the aquifer which surmounts them, are notched by deep ravines. These are traversed by mud flows which advance slowly towards the sea and contain blocks of Cretaceous chalk coming from the summit. At high tide, the waves attack the front of the lava flows, releasing extremely varied fossils. The cliffs are made up of a succession of layers of clay, marl and chalk. Due to the risk of landslide and the fragility of the clay cliffs, the cliffs are now protected, their access has been prohibited by decree of classification as a "site of scientific and landscaped interest in the Calvados department" of 20 February 1995 from theFrench Ministry of the Environment.

The painter
The very important french painter Gustave Caillebotte, (known in US more than his own country) was a member and patron of the artists known as Impressionists,(or independents) although he painted in a more realistic manner than many others in the group. Caillebotte was noted for his early interest in photography as an art form.
With regard to the composition and painting style of his works, Caillebotte may be considered part of the first movement after Impressionism: Neo-Impressionism. The second period of Pointillism, whose main representative was Georges Seurat, announced its influence in the late works that Caillebotte painted at his country house in Petit Gennevilliers.
Caillebotte's style belongs to the School of Realism but was strongly influenced by his Impressionist associates. In common with his precursors Jean-François Millet and Gustave Courbet, as well his contemporary Degas, Caillebotte aimed to paint reality as it existed and as he saw it, hoping to reduce the inherent theatricality of painting. Perhaps because of his close relationship with so many of his peers, his style and technique vary considerably among his works, as if "borrowing" and experimenting, but not really sticking to any one style. At times, he seems very much in the Edgar Degas camp of rich-colored realism (especially his interior scenes); at other times, he shares the Impressionist commitment to "optical truth" and employs an impressionistic pastel-softness and loose brush strokes most similar to Renoir and Pissarro, although with a less vibrant palette.
The tilted ground common to these paintings is very characteristic of Caillebotte's work, which may have been strongly influenced by Japanese prints and the new technology of photography, although evidence of his use of photography is lacking. Cropping and "zooming-in", techniques that commonly are found in Caillebotte's oeuvre, may also be the result of his interest in photography, but may just as likely be derived from his intense interest in perspective effects. A large number of Caillebotte's works also employ a very high vantage point, including View of Rooftops - Snow (Vue de toits (Effet de neige) 1878, Boulevard Seen from Above (Boulevard vu d'en haut) 1880, and A Traffic Island (Un refuge, boulevard Haussmann), 1880.
Caillebotte is best known for his paintings of still life, water sports and urban Paris, The latter is almost unique among his works for its particularly flat colors and photo-realistic effect, which give the painting its distinctive and modern look, almost akin to American Realists such as Edward Hopper.

___________________________________________
2022 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau

VESUVIUS PAINTED BY GUSTAVE CAILLEBOTTE

GUSTAVE CAILLEBOTTE  (1848-1894) 

Vesuvius  (1,281m - 4,203ft)

Italy

In Sur une route à Naples (c. 1872), Oil on canvas, 60 x 40 cm. Private Collection

About the painting

The mountain was not, strictly speaking, Caillebotte's main subject of interest ! He painted very little, (not to say) no mountains! The canvas above is his only known example and still represents a mountain (the Vesuvius) seized as by accident while he wants especially to paint the horse-drawn car which led him in this  Neapolitan  campaign to observe this most famous volcano under a nes angle. The result is a masterwork  with this unexpected view of the volcano ! 

The mountain 

Mount Vesuvius (1,281 meters- 4,203 ft at present) is one of those legendary and mythic mountains the Earth paid regularly tribute. Monte Vesuvio in Italian modern langage or Mons Vesuvius in antique Latin langage is a stratovolcano in the Gulf of Naples (Italy) about 9 km (5.6 mi) east of Naples and a short distance from the shore. 

It is one of several volcanoes which form the Campanian volcanic arc. Vesuvius consists of a large cone partially encircled by the steep rim of a summit caldera caused by the collapse of an earlier and originally much higher structure.

Mount Vesuvius is best known for its eruption in AD 79 that led to the burying and destruction of the Roman antique cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and several other settlements. That eruption ejected a cloud of stones, ash, and fumes to a height of 33 km (20.5 mi), spewing molten rock and pulverized pumice at the rate of 1.5 million tons per second, ultimately releasing a hundred thousand times the thermal energy released by the Hiroshima bombing. At least 1,000 people died in the eruption. The only surviving eyewitness account of the event consists of two letters by Pliny the Younger to the historian Tacitus.

Vesuvius has erupted many times since and is the only volcano on the European mainland to have erupted within the last hundred years. Nowadays, it is regarded as one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world because of the population of 3,000,000 people living nearby and its tendency towards explosive eruptions (said Plinian eruptions). It is the most densely populated volcanic region in the world.

Vesuvius was formed as a result of the collision of two tectonic plates, the African and the Eurasian. The former was subducted beneath the latter, deeper into the earth. As the water-saturated sediments of the oceanic African plate were pushed to hotter depths in the earth, the water boiled off and caused the melting point of the upper mantle to drop enough to create partial melting of the rocks. Because magma is less dense than the solid rock around it, it was pushed upward. Finding a weak place at the Earth's surface it broke through, producing the volcano.

he area around Vesuvius was officially declared a national park on June 5, 1995. The summit of Vesuvius is open to visitors and there is a small network of paths around the mountain that are maintained by the park authorities on weekends.

There is access by road to within 200 metres (660 ft) of the summit (measured vertically), but thereafter access is on foot only. There is a spiral walkway around the mountain from the road to the crater.

The first funicular cable car on Mount Vesuvius opened in 1880. It was later destroyed by the 1944 eruption. "Funiculì, Funiculà", a famous Neapolitan song with lyrics by journalist Peppino Turco set to music by composer Luigi Denza, commemorates its opening.

The painter
The very important french painter Gustave Caillebotte, (known in US more than his own country) was a member and patron of the artists known as Impressionists,(or independents) although he painted in a more realistic manner than many others in the group. Caillebotte was noted for his early interest in photography as an art form.
With regard to the composition and painting style of his works, Caillebotte may be considered part of the first movement after Impressionism: Neo-Impressionism. The second period of Pointillism, whose main representative was Georges Seurat, announced its influence in the late works that Caillebotte painted at his country house in Petit Gennevilliers. 

Caillebotte's style belongs to the School of Realism but was strongly influenced by his Impressionist associates. In common with his precursors Jean-François Millet and Gustave Courbet, as well his contemporary Degas, Caillebotte aimed to paint reality as it existed and as he saw it, hoping to reduce the inherent theatricality of painting. Perhaps because of his close relationship with so many of his peers, his style and technique vary considerably among his works, as if "borrowing" and experimenting, but not really sticking to any one style. At times, he seems very much in the Edgar Degas camp of rich-colored realism (especially his interior scenes); at other times, he shares the Impressionist commitment to "optical truth" and employs an impressionistic pastel-softness and loose brush strokes most similar to Renoir and Pissarro, although with a less vibrant palette.
The tilted ground common to these paintings is very characteristic of Caillebotte's work, which may have been strongly influenced by Japanese prints and the new technology of photography, although evidence of his use of photography is lacking. Cropping and "zooming-in", techniques that commonly are found in Caillebotte's oeuvre, may also be the result of his interest in photography, but may just as likely be derived from his intense interest in perspective effects. A large number of Caillebotte's works also employ a very high vantage point, including View of Rooftops - Snow (Vue de toits (Effet de neige) 1878, Boulevard Seen from Above (Boulevard vu d'en haut) 1880, and A Traffic Island (Un refuge, boulevard Haussmann), 1880.
Caillebotte is best known for his paintings of  still life , water sports and urban Paris, The latter is almost unique among his works for its particularly flat colors and photo-realistic effect, which give the painting its distinctive and modern look, almost akin to American Realists such as Edward Hopper.

___________________________________________

2019 - Wandering Vertexes...

by Francis Rousseau 

LES FALAISES D'ÉTRETAT PEINTES PAR EUGÈNE DELACROIX

EUGENE DELACROIX (1798-1863)
Les Falaises d'Etretat (70 à 90 m)
France (Normandie)


In Vue de la plage et des falaises d'Etretat, aquarelle sur traits à la mine de plomb, 15x19 cm,           Musée Fabre, Montpellier

A propos de cette œuvre
Delacroix découvrit les beautés de la côte normande grâce à ses nombreux passages chez son cousin Bataille à Valmont, près de Fécamp. "Séjour de paix et d'oubli du monde entier", cette retraite offrait à l'artiste un lieu idéal pour se reposer de Paris et élaborer ses grandes commandes officielles. Au cours de cette villégiature, il eut à maintes occasions l’opportunité d'admirer le paysage des falaises d'Etretat ; sans doute séduit par cette âpre et grandiose architecture de craie, il devait en donner plusieurs études et aquarelles. Cette vue prise de la porte d'Amont, à marée basse, ne peut être datée avec certitude mais un passage du Journal de l’artiste du 18 octobre 1849 relate une excursion en mer au large de Fécamp et situe, si ce n'est la chronologie de cette œuvre, du moins l'état d'esprit et les sentiments de l'artiste devant ce paysage : « Le sol sous cette arche étonnante, semblait sillonné par les roues des chars et semblait les ruines d'une ville antique. Ce sol est ce blanc calcaire dont les falaises sont entièrement faites. Il y a des parties sur les rocs qui sont d'un brun de terre d'ombre, des parties très vertes et quelques-unes ocreuses. » Explorant la décomposition chromatique du paysage, Delacroix donne ici une aquarelle où palpite la densité de l’air et de l’eau et, avec cette manière très libre d’un dessin pris sur le vif, il témoigne de sa sensibilité pour ces vues de la nature qui annoncent déjà la peinture impressionniste. Ami de l’artiste, le critique Théophile Sylvestre conseilla en 1874 à Alfred Bruyas l’acquisition de cette oeuvre qui lui inspira ces réflexions : « Dans le ciel solitaire, d’une pureté absolue et d’une légèreté sans fonds, on entendrait non seulement l’aile d’une mouette mais le bourdonnement d’un insecte [...]. L’effusion lumineuse n’a même pas de soubresauts tout le long de cette falaise abrupte, dont la croûte terrestre et le gazon rôti semblent à la fois un chaume de cabane et une peau de bête fauve. »

 

Les falaises
Les Falaises d'Etretat  sont constituées d'une stratigraphie complexe de craies du Turonien et du Coniacien. Certaines falaises atteignent 90 mètres. Etretat est surtout connue pour ses falaises de craie, dont trois arches naturelles et une formation pointue appelée L'Aiguille (l'Aiguille), qui s'élève à 70 m au-dessus de la mer et L'Arche. Une rivière souterraine, puis l'érosion marine ont formé une arche naturelle et une aiguille d'une hauteur estimée de 55 mètres à 70 mètres, relique de la falaise. Ses falaises de craie blanche et ses plages de galets grisâtres en ont fait un des lieux du tourisme international avec plus de trois millions de visiteurs par an1, exposé aux même risques que d'autres grands sites mondiaux, avec trois chutes mortelles en 2022. Le tourisme de masse dégradant le site. Des peintres comme Albert Marquet, Gustave Courbet, Eugène Boudin ou encore Claude Monet ont contribué alors à sa publicité, tout en en immortalisant la spécificité. Des écrivains normands comme Maupassant et Gustave Flaubert furent des fidèles du lieu. Maurice Leblanc, qui y vécut, contribua au mythe entourant le site entretenu dans une aventure d'Arsène Lupin intitulée L'Aiguille creuse(1909). Il les décrit en ces termes : « Un énorme gardon, haut de plus de quatre-vingts mètres, obélisque colossal, d'aplomb sur son socle de granit. » A son époque, le site attirait déjà de nombreux touristes parmi eu xdes "lupinophiles" admirateurs d'Arsène Lupin des  étudiants américains venaient chercher la clé de la grotte, où le "gentleman cambrioleur" avait trouvé le trésor des rois de France.

Le peintre
Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix était un artiste romantique français considéré dès le début de sa carrière comme le chef de file de l'école romantique française. L'utilisation par Delacroix de coups de pinceau expressifs et ses études sur les effets optiques de la couleur ont profondément façonné le travail des impressionnistes, alrors que sa passion pour l'exotisme a inspiré les artistes du mouvement symboliste. Fin lithographe, Delacroix a illustré diverses œuvres (William Shakespeare, Walter Scott et  Goethe notamment).
Contrairement au perfectionnisme néoclassique de son principal rival Ingres, Delacroix s'est inspiré de l'art de Rubens et des peintres de la Renaissance vénitienne, en mettant l'accent sur la couleur et le mouvement plutôt que sur la clarté des contours et la forme soigneusement modelée. Le contenu dramatique et romantique caractérise les thèmes centraux de sa maturité et le conduit non pas vers les modèles classiques de l'art grec et romain, mais plutôt vers les voyages en Afrique du Nord à la recherche de l'exotisme. Ami et héritier spirituel de Théodore Géricault, Delacroix s'inspire également de Lord Byron, avec qui il partage une forte identification aux « forces du sublime », et aux actions de la nature, souvent violente.
Cependant, Delacroix n'était enclin ni à la sentimentalité ni à l'emphase, et son romantisme était celui d'un individualiste. Selon les mots de Baudelaire : « Delacroix était passionnément amoureux de la passion, mais froidement déterminé à exprimer sa passion le plus clairement possible ».
En 1832, Delacroix se rend en Espagne et en Afrique du Nord, dans le cadre d'une mission diplomatique au Maroc peu après la conquête de l'Algérie par la France. Il n'y est pas allé pour étudier l'art, mais pour échapper au parisianisme dans l'espoir d'approcher une culture plus primitive. Il a produit plus de 100 peintures et dessins de scènes tirées ou basées sur la vie des peuples d'Afrique du Nord, et a ajouté un nouveau chapitre très personnel à l'intérêt général porté alors à l'orientalisme. Delacroix était fasciné par les gens et les costumes, et le voyage allait éclairer le sujet d'un grand nombre de ses futurs tableaux. Il pensait que les Nord-Africains, dans leurs vêtements et leurs attitudes, fournissaient un équivalent visuel aux peuples de la Rome et de la Grèce classiques : « Les Grecs et les Romains sont ici à ma porte, chez les Arabes qui s'enveloppent dans une couverture blanche et regardent comme Caton ou Brutus..."
Il réussit à dessiner secrètement quelques femmes à Alger, comme dans le tableau Femmes d'Alger dans leur appartement (1834), mais il rencontra généralement des difficultés à trouver des femmes musulmanes prêtes à poser pour lui en raison des règles musulmanes exigeant que les femmes soient couvertes. La peinture des femmes juives d’Afrique du Nord, comme sujets du Mariage juif au Maroc (1837-1841), pose moins de problèmes.
À Tanger, Delacroix réalise de nombreux croquis des gens et de la ville, sujets sur lesquels il reviendra jusqu'à la fin de sa vie. Les animaux, incarnation de la passion romantique, ont été incorporés dans des peintures telles que Chevaux arabes se battant dans une écurie (1860), La Chasse au lion (dont il existe de nombreuses versions, peintes entre 1856 et 1861) et Arabe sellant son cheval (1855). .

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2024 - Wandering Vertexes ....
Gravir les montagnes en peinture
Un blog de Francis Rousseau

THE COL DE MONTGENEVRE BY NICOLAS DE STAEL

NICOLAS DE STAËL (1914-1955)

Col de Montgenèvre  (1, 850m - 6,070ft)

France (Jura)

In Briançon, oil on canvas,  1953, Private collection

The mountain
The Col de Montgenèvre (1, 850m) is a pass of the French Alps located between the Cerces range (Chaberton range) and the Queyras range. It connects the town of Briançon with Cesana Torinese in Italy but is entirely on the French side of the border, located 2.4 km.
According to  the roman historian Titus Livius, the pass of Montgenèvre would have been crossed by the troops of Hannibal during his passage of the Alps following the future way of the Alps. In Roman antiquity, the summit of the Montgenèvre pass marks the starting point of the Via Domitia (Domitian road), a Roman road built on the initiative of the consul Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus from 121 BC. J.-C. and inaugurated 3 years later; this route then connected Italy to Hispania (Spain) through the south of Gaule (France) freshly conquered.
The Montgenèvre pass has been crossed 10 times by the Tour de France. It has been ranked alternatively 1st or 2nd category.

The Painter 

Nicolas de Staël was a French painter of Russian origin known for his use of a thick impasto and his highly abstract landscape painting. Nicolas de Staël was born Nikolai Vladimirovich Staël von Holstein (Николай Владимирович Шталь фон Гольштейн) in Saint Petersbourg (Russia), into the family of a Baron Vladimir Staël von Holstein, the last Commandant of the Peter and Paul Fortress. De Staël's family was forced to emigrate to Poland in 1919 because of the Russian Revolution ; both his father and stepmother died in Poland and the orphaned Nicolas de Staël was sent with his older sister Marina to Brussels to live with a Russian family (1922).
De Staël's painting career spans roughly 15 years (from 1940) and produced more than a thousand paintings. His work shows the influence of Gustave Courbet, Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Fernand Léger and Chaim Soutine, as well as of the Dutch masters Rembrandt, Vermeer and Hercules Seghers. During the 1940s and beginning in representation, de Staël moved further and further toward abstraction. Evolving his own highly distinctive and abstract style, which bears comparison with the near-contemporary American Abstract Expressionist movement, and French Tachisme, but which he developed independently of them. Typically his paintings contained block-like slabs of colour, emerging as if struggling against one another across the surface of the image. According to de Staël himself, he turned to his "abstracting" because he "found it awkward to paint an object as a likeness because of the awkwardness I felt when faced ! with the infinite multitude of coexisting objects in any single object".

De Staël's work was quickly recognized within the post-war art world, and he became one of the most influential artists of the 1950s. However, he moved away from abstraction in his later paintings, seeking a more "French" lyrical style, returning to representation (seascapes, footballers, jazz musicians, seagulls) at the end of his life.  His most well-known late paintings of beaches and landscapes are dominated by the sky and effects of light. 

Much of de Staël's late work—in particular his thinned and diluted oil on canvas abstract landscapes of the mid-1950s—predicts Color field painting and Lyrical Abstraction of the 1960s and 1970s. Nicolas de Staël's bold and intensely vivid color in his last paintings predict the direction of much of contemporary painting that came after him including Pop Art of the 1960s.

2018 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau 

MONTAGNE SAINTE VICTOIRE BY AUGUSTE RENOIR

PIERRE-AUGUSTE RENOIR  (1841-1919)

 Mount of Sainte-Victoire (1, 011 m - 3, 316ft)

France (Provence) 

In La Montagne Sainte Victoire, ca.1888-89, oil on canvas,  (53x64,1cm) 

Yale University Art Gallery 

The mountain

Mont Sainte-Victoire our Montagne Sainte-Victoire (1,011 m-3,316ft)  also called Mont Venturi is a limestone massif in the South of France, in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Located east of Aix-en-Provence, it has experienced international fame, due to the more than 80 works Paul Cézanne did on it. It hosts many hikers, climbers and nature lovers, and is a major element of Aix landscape. The range of the Sainte-Victoire is 18 kilometers long and 5 kilometers from large, following a strict east-west orientation. It is located on the Bouches-du-Rhône and Var, and in the towns of Puyloubier, Saint-Antonin-sur-Bayon, Rousset, Châteauneuf-le-Rouge, Beaurecueil, Le Tholonet Vauvenargues, Saint-Marc-Jaumegarde, Pourrières, Artigues and Rians.

D 10 and D 17 (Route Cézanne) are the main roads to skirt the mountains. On the northern side, the D10 crosses the Col de Claps (530 m) and the Col des Portes (631 m). On the southern side, the D 17 walks on the Plateau de Cengle and crossed the Collet blanc de Subéroque (505 m)...

- More about Mount of Sainte Victoire 

The painter 
 Pierre-Auguste Renoir, commonly known as Auguste Renoir  was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style.
Renoir's paintings are notable for their vibrant light and saturated color, most often focusing on people in intimate and candid compositions. The female nude was one of his primary subjects. In characteristic Impressionist style, Renoir suggested the details of a scene through freely brushed touches of color, so that his figures softly fuse with one another and their surroundings.
His initial paintings show the influence of the colorism of Eugène Delacroix and the luminosity of Camille Corot. He also admired the realism of Gustave Courbet and Édouard Manet, and his early work resembles theirs in his use of black as a color. Renoir admired Edgar Degas' sense of movement. Another painter Renoir greatly admired was the 18th-century master François Boucher.
In the late 1860s, through the practice of painting light and water en plein air (outdoors), he and his friend Claude Monet discovered that the color of shadows is not brown or black, but the reflected color of the objects surrounding them, an effect known today as diffuse reflection. Several pairs of paintings exist in which Renoir and Monet worked side-by-side, depicting the same scenes (La Grenouillère, 1869). He rarely painted landscapes without silhouettes like the Mount Sainte Victoire above, probably done as a tribute to Paul Cézanne.
One of the best known Impressionist works is Renoir's 1876 Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette (Bal du moulin de la Galette). The painting depicts an open-air scene, crowded with people at a popular dance garden on the Butte Montmartre close to where he lived. The works of his early maturity were typically Impressionist snapshots of real life, full of sparkling color and light. By the mid-1880s, however, he had broken with the movement to apply a more disciplined formal technique to portraits and figure paintings, particularly of women. It was a trip to Italy in 1881 when he saw works by Raphael and other Renaissance masters, that convinced him that he was on the wrong path, and for the next several years he painted in a more severe style in an attempt to return to classicism. Concentrating on his drawing and emphasizing the outlines of figures, he painted works such as The Large Bathers (1884–87; Philadelphia Museum of Art) during what is sometimes called his "Ingres period".
After 1890 he changed direction again. To dissolve outlines, as in his earlier work, he returned to thinly brushed color. From this period onward he concentrated on monumental nudes and domestic scenes, fine examples of which are Girls at the Piano, 1892, and Grandes Baigneuses, 1887. The latter painting is the most typical and successful of Renoir's late, abundantly fleshed nudes.
A prolific artist, he created several thousand paintings. The warm sensuality of Renoir's style made his paintings some of the most well-known and frequently reproduced works in the history of art. The single largest collection of his works—181 paintings in all—is at the Barnes Foundation, in Philadelphia.
He was the father of actor Pierre Renoir (1885–1952), filmmaker Jean Renoir (1894–1979) and ceramic artist Claude Renoir (1901–1969). He was the grandfather of the filmmaker Claude Renoir (1913–1993), son of Pierre.

MOUNT VESUVIUS PAINTED BY AUGUSTE RENOIR

PIERRE-AUGUSTE RENOIR (1841-1919)

Mount Vesuvius (1, 281m - 4,203 ft current)

Italy

In The Bay of Naples (1881), Oil on canvas, 59.7 x 81.3 cm. 

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

The mountain
Mount Vesuvius (1,281 meters- 4,203 ft current) is one of those legendary and mythic mountains the Earth paid regularly tribute. Monte Vesuvio in Italian modern langage or Mons Vesuvius in antique Latin langage is a stratovolcano in the Gulf of Naples (Italy) about 9 km (5.6 mi) east of Naples and a short distance from the shore.
It is one of several volcanoes which form the Campanian volcanic arc. Vesuvius consists of a large cone partially encircled by the steep rim of a summit caldera caused by the collapse of an earlier and originally much higher structure.
Mount Vesuvius is best known for its eruption in AD 79 that led to the burying and destruction of the Roman antique cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and several other settlements. That eruption ejected a cloud of stones, ash, and fumes to a height of 33 km (20.5 mi), spewing molten rock and pulverized pumice at the rate of 1.5 million tons per second, ultimately releasing a hundred thousand times the thermal energy released by the Hiroshima bombing. At least 1,000 people died in the eruption. The only surviving eyewitness account of the event consists of two letters by Pliny the Younger to the historian Tacitus.
Vesuvius has erupted many times since and is the only volcano on the European mainland to have erupted within the last hundred years. Nowadays, it is regarded as one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world because of the population of 3,000,000 people living nearby and its tendency towards explosive eruptions (said Plinian eruptions). It is the most densely populated volcanic region in the world.

The painter
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, commonly known as Auguste Renoir was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style. Renoir's paintings are notable for their vibrant light and saturated color, most often focusing on people in intimate and candid compositions. The female nude was one of his primary subjects. In characteristic Impressionist style, Renoir suggested the details of a scene through freely brushed touches of color, so that his figures softly fuse with one another and their surroundings.
His initial paintings show the influence of the colorism of Eugène Delacroix and the luminosity of Camille Corot. He also admired the realism of Gustave Courbet and Édouard Manet, and his early work resembles theirs in his use of black as a color. Renoir admired Edgar Degas' sense of movement. Another painter Renoir greatly admired was the 18th-century master François Boucher.
In the late 1860s, through the practice of painting light and water en plein air (outdoors), he and his friend Claude Monet discovered that the color of shadows is not brown or black, but the reflected color of the objects surrounding them, an effect known today as diffuse reflection. Several pairs of paintings exist in which Renoir and Monet worked side-by-side, depicting the same scenes (La Grenouillère, 1869).

 He very rarely painted mountains landscapes like the Mount Sainte Victoire ( a tribute to Cezanne) or the Mount Vesuvius (above).
The works of his early maturity were typically Impressionist snapshots of real life, full of sparkling color and light. By the mid-1880s, however, he had broken with the movement to apply a more disciplined formal technique to portraits and figure paintings, particularly of women. It was a trip to Italy in 1881 when he saw works by Raphael and other Renaissance masters, that convinced him that he was on the wrong path, and for the next several years he painted in a more severe style in an attempt to return to classicism.
After 1890 he changed direction again. To dissolve outlines, as in his earlier work, he returned to thinly brushed color. From this period onward he concentrated on monumental nudes and domestic scenes, fine examples of which are Girls at the Piano, 1892, and Grandes Baigneuses, 1887. The latter painting is the most typical and successful of Renoir's late, abundantly fleshed nudes.
A prolific artist, he created several thousand paintings. The warm sensuality of Renoir's style made his paintings some of the most well-known and frequently reproduced works in the history of art. The single largest collection of his works—181 paintings in all—is at the Barnes Foundation, in Philadelphia.
He was the father of actor Pierre Renoir (1885–1952), filmmaker Jean Renoir (1894–1979) and ceramic artist Claude Renoir (1901–1969). He was the grandfather of the filmmaker Claude Renoir (1913–1993), son of Pierre.

___________________________________________

2019 - Wandering Vertexes...

by Francis Rousseau 

LES DENTS DU MIDI PAINTED BY BLANCHE BERTHOUD

 BLANCHE BERTHOUD  (1864 -1938)  

Les Dents du Midi (3,114 m to 3,257 m -10,216 ft to10,685 ft) 

Switzerland 

In Les dents du Midi, 1909, oil on wooden panel

2 others paintings of Les Dents du Midi in this blog: 

- one by Gustave Courbet

- one by  Frédéric Rouge 

The mountain 

The Dents du Midi (Teeth of the south) (3,114 m to 3,257 m -10,216 ft to10,685 ft) are a mountain range, 3 kilometers long, located in the Chablais Alps in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Overlooking the valley of Illiez and Rhône Valley on south, they face the lake Salanfe, an artificial reservoir, and are part of the geological whole massif Giffre.

The name "Dents du Midi" is recent. The people formerly called them "Dents Tsallen". It was only towards the end of the19e century that the name "Dents du Midi" came officially.

Each « tooth » had several names over the centuries and according to its geological evolution.

- The "Cime de l'Est" (3178 meters) called "Mont Novierre" before the mid-17th century, and "Mont Saint-Michel "after landslides in 1635 and 1636 and finally "Dent Noire" (until the 19th century).

- The "Dent Jaune" (3186 m) was called the "Dent Rouge" until 1879.

- The "Doigt de Champéry" (in 1882) and then the Doigt Salanfe (in 1886) turned just into "Les Doigts" (Fingers) (3205 m and 3210 m).

- The  "Haute Cime" (3257 m) also had many names : "Dent de l’Ouest" (until 1784)an then "Dent du Midi", "Dent de Tsallen" and "Dent de Challent."

- As for l’Eperon (3114 m) (The Spur), it is assumed that there were two peaks but a landslide in the Middle Ages significantly changed its crest.

- The Forteresse (3164 m) and the Cathedral (3160 m) have not changed names.

The evolution of this massif continues nowadays. So on the morning of 30 October 2006, a volume of 1 million m3 of rock broke away from the edge of the Haute Cime and slid down the slope to an altitude of about 3000 m. The event did not present danger to the nearby village of Val-d'Illiez but roads and trails were closed for security reasons. According to the cantonal geologist, the landslide was caused by the thawing of rocks, helped by warm summers of recent years.

The painter 
Blanche Berthoud was a Swiss painter from the region Neufchatel (Switzerland) who was very active throughout the first half of the 20th century. She was part of the  Société romande des femmes peintres  (Romande Society of Women Painter) founded  by the painter Jeanne Lombard (1865-1945) who defended very fiercely mountain women painters, a world often reserved for men. She made several paintings and watercolors of the Breithorn, one of which was acquired by the Museum of Art and History of Neufchatel.

2016 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau 

LA FALAISE DE POURVILLE PEINTE PAR HENRI ROUSSEAU

HENRI ROUSSEAU  (1844-1910)
La Falaise, vers 1895
Huile sur toile, 21 x 35 cm
Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris

A propos de ce tableau (notice du musée)
Cette représentation de falaise de la côte normande est un motif rare chez Rousseau qui ne s'éloigne guère des environs de Paris. Le peintre a probablement travaillé à partir d'une reproduction de peinture, peut être Falaises à Pourville de Claude Monet ou Falaise avec bateaux et Mer Orageuse, dite aussi La Vague, de Gustave Courbet. Il a pu également s’inspirer d’une des innombrables représentations des falaises normandes peintes par des artistes plus obscurs. Rousseau a probablement fait la synthèse de plusieurs sources et recomposé totalement son tableau selon l’idée qu’il se faisait de ce paysage. Quoi qu'il en soit il schématise et simplifie à l'extrême la structure de la roche tout comme la représentation de la mer. Il rajoute des pêcheurs et de grands voiliers. Là encore, l’intérêt réside dans la manière dont Rousseau s'empare du motif. Il s’inspire du graphisme de l’imagerie populaire. C’est pour lui le moyen de suivre la recommandation que lui avait fait autrefois le peintre français Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824-1904) de conserver sa naïveté.

Le peintre
Henri Rousseau, aussi appelé « Le Douanier Rousseau », est un peintre français, considéré comme un représentant majeur de l'art naïf. Issu d'une famille modeste, il étudie le droit avant de partir à Paris et travailler à l'octroi où il occupe un poste de commis de deuxième classe, dans le cadre duquel il contrôle les entrées de boissons alcoolisées à Paris. Cette position lui vaudra son surnom de « Douanier ». Il apprend lui-même la peinture et produit un grand nombre de toiles. Elles représentent souvent des paysages de jungle. Lui n'a pourtant jamais quitté la France, son inspiration provient surtout de livres illustrés, de jardins botaniques, et de rencontres avec des soldats ayant participé à l'intervention française au Mexique. Ses toiles montrent une technique élaborée, mais leur aspect enfantin lui vaut beaucoup de moqueries. Habitué du Salon des indépendants, il commence à recevoir des critiques positives à partir de 1891 et rencontre quelques autres artistes à la fin de sa vie, comme Marie Laurencin, Robert Delaunay, Paul Signac, Guillaume Apollinaire, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Alexandre Cabanel, Edgar Degas, William Bouguereau, Paul Gauguin, Alfred Jarry, Toulouse-Lautrec et Pablo Picasso. Son travail est aujourd'hui considéré comme crucial pour l'art naïf et il a influencé de nombreux artistes, notamment des surréalistes. Paul Éluard a dit de lui : « Ce qu’il voyait n’était qu’amour et nous fera toujours des yeux émerveillés. »

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2024 - 13e année de publication -  Gravir les montagnes en peinture
Un blog de Francis Rousseau